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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: Seizure. 2024 Apr 10;118:1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.04.006

Table 3.

Summary of electrocardiogram (ECG) findings.

N (%)
Abnormal ECG 100 (47)
Rhythm
 normal sinus 134 (63)
 sinus arrhythmia 47 (22)
 sinus tachycardia 12 (6)
 sinus bradycardia 12 (6)
 arrhythmias1 7 (3)
 other 1(<1)
PR interval changes
 normal 195 (92)
 shortened 16 (8)
 prolonged 2 (1)
QRS axis
 normal 201 (94)
 right axis deviation 11 (5)
 left axis deviation 1 (<1)
QRS morphology
 normal 188 (88)
 Incomplete right bundle branch block 18 (8)
 Interventricular conduction delay 6 (3)
 low voltage 1 (<1)
QTc interval changes
 normal 207 (97)
 prolonged 3 (1)
 shortened 3 (1)
ST segment changes
 non-specific 24 (11)
 early repolarization 13 (6)
T wave changes
 non-specific 20 (9)
 inverted 9 (4)
1

Severe sinus arrhythmia with ectopic atrial escape=1, wondering atrial pacemaker=2, premature atrial contraction=1, sinus tachycardia with ectopic atrial rhythm=1, low right atrial rhythm=2.