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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: Seizure. 2024 Apr 10;118:1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.04.006

Table 5.

Epilepsy duration is an independent factor for ST/T wave abnormalities.

ST/T wave abnormalities OR 95% CI P
Epilepsy duration 1.09 1.01 – 1.16 0.017
Seizure frequency 1.01 1.00 – 1.02 0.08
GTC/focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures 1.32 0.49 – 3.51 0.58
Number of channel-modulating ASM
 0 Ref Ref Ref
 1 0.89 0.49–1.92 0.76
 ≥2 0.54 0.18–1.63 0.28

ASM = anti-seizure medication. GTC = generalized tonic/clonic.