Appendix A2.
Anti-seizure medications (ASM) and adjunct therapies.
| N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Channel-modifying ASM 1 | |
| Eslicarbazepine | 4 (2) |
| Ethosuximide | 9 (4) |
| Lacosamide | 17 (8) |
| Lamotrigine | 40 (19) |
| Oxcabazepine | 42 (20) |
| Rufinamide | 11 (5) |
| Valproate | 30 (14) |
| Zonisamide | 33 (15) |
| Enzyme-inducing ASM | |
| Eslicarbazepine | 4 (2) |
| Oxcabazepine | 42 (20) |
| Phenobarbital | 10 (5) |
| Rufinamide | 11 (5) |
| Topiramate | 13 (6) |
| Other ASM | |
| Brivaracetam | 5 (2) |
| Clobazam | 77 (36) |
| Clonazepam | 13 (6) |
| Diazepam | 2 (1) |
| Cannabidiol | 26 (12) |
| Felbamate | 5 (2) |
| Levetiracetam | 68 (32) |
| Perampanel | 1 (< 1) |
| Vigabatrin | 13 (6) |
| Other | 5 (2) |
| Adjunct therapy | |
| Immune therapy | 11 (5) |
| Ketogenic diet | 6 (3) |
| Surgery | 16 (7) |
| Laser ablation | 7 (3) |
| Vagus nerve stimulator | 22 (10) |
| Responsive nerve stimulator | 2 (1) |
1
Channel modifying ASM includes primarily sodium channel modifiers except for ethosuximide, a calcium channel medication.