Table 1.
Study Participant Characteristics
| Characteristics | Asian (n = 44) | White (n = 490) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD), years | 58.0 (11.6) | 61.4 (13.4) | 0.11 |
| Gender, N (%) | 0.004 | ||
| Male | 6 (13.6%) | 172 (35.1%) | |
| Female | 38 (86.4%) | 318 (64.9%) | |
| Education level, N (%) | 0.023 | ||
| College education or higher | 39 (88.6%) | 357 (73.0%) | |
| High school education or less | 5 (11.4%) | 132 (27.0%) | |
| Primary tumor site, N (%) | 0.002 | ||
| Breast | 25 (56.8%) | 146 (29.8%) | |
| Prostate | 2 (4.6%) | 57 (11.6%) | |
| GI/colorectal | 3 (6.8%) | 38 (7.8%) | |
| Hematological | 2 (4.6%) | 93 (19.0%) | |
| Lung | 3 (6.8%) | 30 (6.1%) | |
| Melanoma | 0 (0%) | 18 (3.7%) | |
| Gynecological | 5 (11.4%) | 34 (6.9%) | |
| Head/Neck | 11 (2.2%) | 3 (6.8%) | |
| More than one cancer | 37 (7.6%) | 1 (2.3%) | |
| Other | 26 (5.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Pain severity, mean (SD) | 5.5 (1.5) | 5.2 (1.6) | 0.12 |
| Pain interference, mean (SD) | 5.5 (2.1) | 4.7 (2.2) | 0.016 |
| HADS anxiety, mean (SD) | 8.4 (4.0) | 7.5 (4.2) | 0.21 |
| HADS depression, mean (SD) | 7.1 (3.9) | 5.9 (3.7) | 0.047 |
HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; the bold data indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).