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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 13.

Published in final edited form as: J Palliat Med. 2025 Dec 12;29(4):520–526. doi: 10.1177/10966218251401796

Table 3.

Factors Associated with Pain Interference Among Study Participants

Variables	Bivariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
				Regression model 1			Regression model 2			Regression model 3
	Coef.	95% CI	p value	Coef.	95% CI	p value	Coef.	95% CI	p value	Coef.	95% CI	p value
Asian race	0.84	0.2 to 1.5	*0.016*	0.51	−0.09 to 1.1	0.097	0.31	−0.2 to 0.8	0.23	0.36	−0.2 to 0.9	0.17
Depressive symptoms				0.28	0.2 to 0.3	*<0.001*	0.22	0.2 to 0.3	*<0.001*	0.22	0.2 to 0.3	*<0.001*
Pain severity							0.67	0.6 to 0.8	*<0.001*	0.66	0.6 to 0.8	*<0.001*
Gender										−0.079	−0.4 to 0.2	0.60
Education										0.15	−0.2 to 0.5	0.36

The bold data indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05).