| ACT | Acupuncture Childbirth Team |
| EA | Electroacupuncture |
| CNS | Central nervous system |
| IQR | Interquartile range |
| LAc | Licensed acupuncturist |
| MS | Manual stimulation |
| NHS | National Health Service |
| NICE | National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |
| NA | Not available |
| NR | Not reported |
| OP | Occipito-transverse |
| OT | Occipito-posterior |
| RCT | Randomized controlled trial |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| SPSS | Statistical Package for the Social Sciences |
| TCM | Traditional Chinese medicine |
| UK | United Kingdom |
| USA | United States of America |
| WMA | Western medical acupuncture |