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. 2026 Aug 5;16(15):2427. doi: 10.3390/ani16152427
ADG Average Daily Gain
A:P ratio Acetate-to-Propionate Ratio
BW Body Weight
CDDGSs Corn Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles
CH4 Methane
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CP Crude Protein
CRD Completely Randomized Design
CSM Cottonseed Meal
DDGSs Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles
DE Digestible Energy
DM Dry Matter
DMI Dry Matter Intake
ECM Energy-Corrected Milk
GE Gross Energy
GEI Gross Energy Intake
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GSM Grape Seed Meal
H2 Hydrogen
ME Metabolizable Energy
N Nitrogen
NDF Neutral Detergent Fiber
NE Net Energy
NH3 Ammonia
OM Organic Matter
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
RF diet Reduced-Forage Diet
RS diet Reduced-Starch Diet
Rusitec Rumen Simulation Technique
SF6 Sulfur Hexafluoride
SUN Serum Urea Nitrogen
TMR Total Mixed Ration
VFA Volatile Fatty Acids
WDDGS Wheat Dried Distillers’ Grains with Solubles
Ym Methane Conversion Factor