| EMT | Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition |
| CSCs | Cancer stem cells |
| HNSCC | Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma |
| HPV | Human Papillomavirus |
| LNM | Lymph node metastasis |
| SERPINB3 | Serpin Family B Member 3 |
| scRNA-seq | Single-Cell RNA Sequencing |
| PTs | Primary Tumors |
| MTs | Metastatic Tumors |