Abbreviation	Full Term
AAP	American Academy of Pediatrics
AAPOS	American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
AI	Artificial intelligence
APPRAISE-AI	Quantitative evaluation tool for clinical AI decision-support studies
AUC	Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
CI	Confidence interval
CNN	Convolutional neural network
CONSORT-AI	Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials—AI extension
DLA-RB	Deep-learning assistant for retinoblastoma
DL	Deep learning
DR	Diabetic retinopathy
EUA	Examination under anaesthesia
EyeArt	Autonomous AI system for diabetic-retinopathy screening
FARFUM-RoP	Public retinopathy-of-prematurity posterior-pole image dataset
FDA	(US) Food and Drug Administration
GP	General practitioner
HIL	Human-in-the-loop
ICER	Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio
ICUR	Incremental cost-utility ratio
IDx-DR	Autonomous AI system for diabetic-retinopathy detection
ML	Machine learning
NICU	Neonatal intensive care unit
NPV	Negative predictive value
PICo	Population–Interest–Context (question-framing tool)
PPV	Positive predictive value
PRISMA	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PROBAST + AI	Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool—AI extension
QC	Quality control
QUADAS-AI	Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies—AI extension
RB	Retinoblastoma
RCT	Randomised controlled trial
ResNet	Residual neural network architecture
ROC	Receiver operating characteristic
ROP	Retinopathy of prematurity
SBFI	Smartphone-based fundus imaging
Se	Sensitivity
Sp	Specificity
SPIDER	Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type (question-framing tool)
STARD-AI	Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy Studies—AI extension
TR-ROP	Treatment-requiring retinopathy of prematurity
TRIPOD-AI	Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis—AI extension
WHO	World Health Organization
ABCD ellipsoid	Vector metric summarising refractive error accuracy in photoscreener comparisons