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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Biomech (Bristol). 2026 Jan 24;133:106763. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2026.106763

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Finite element knee models illustrating ligament status across total knee arthroplasty (TKA) configurations. A) Posterior-cruciate retaining (PCR) TKA with simulated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) release. B) Posterior-stabilized (PS) TKA with simulated ACL and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) releases. C) Bicruciate retaining (BCR) TKA with intact ACL, PCL, medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL). Absent ligaments reflect simulated surgical release. Anterior and posterior views are shown for each configuration.