Table 2.

Major heart failure trials of SGLT2 inhibitors

Trial (Year)	Population	Drug	Primary outcome	Key findings
DAPA-HF (2019)	HFrEF ± diabetes	Dapagliflozin	CV death or worsening HF	26% reduction in composite outcome; benefit independent of diabetes status
EMPEROR-Reduced (2020)	HFrEF ± diabetes	Empagliflozin	CV death or HF hospitalisation	25% reduction in composite outcome; slower renal function decline
EMPEROR-Preserved (2021)	HFpEF ± diabetes	Empagliflozin	CV death or HF hospitalisation	First therapy to significantly improve HFpEF outcomes
DELIVER (2022)	HFmrEF/HFpEF ± diabetes	Dapagliflozin	CV death or worsening HF	Confirmed benefit across the full HF ejection fraction spectrum