ANOVA	analysis of variance
ARIC	Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
BMI	body mass index
CKD	chronic kidney disease
CPMG	Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill
CV-ANOVA	analysis of variance of cross-validated residuals
CVD	cardiovascular disease
DALY	disability-adjusted life year
FDR	false discovery rate
HMDB	Human Metabolome Database
HSD	Honest Significant Difference
KEGG	Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes
MANS	Malaysian Adult Nutrition Survey
MLS	Malaysia Lipid Study
MVDA	multivariate data analysis
NCD	non-communicable disease
NHMS	National Health and Morbidity Survey
NMR	nuclear magnetic resonance
OPLS-DA	orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis
PCA	principal component analysis
PLS-DA	partial least squares-discriminant analysis
PURE	Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology
SSB	sugar-sweetened beverage
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
TCA	tricarboxylic acid
TSP	3-(Trimethylsilyl) propionic-2,2,3,3-d4
VIP	variable importance in projection
ZDF	Zucker Diabetic Fatty
Zlean	lean Zucker