| WCRF | World Cancer Research Fund International |
| AICR | American Institute for Cancer Research |
| CRC | Colorectal cancer |
| SCFAs | Short-chain fatty acids |
| VDR | Vitamin D receptor |
| PUFAs | Polynsaturated fatty acids |
| MUFAs | Monounsaturated fatty acids |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| NOCs | N-nitroso compounds |
| MD | Mediterranean diet |
| EGCG | Epigallocatechin gallate |
| ALA | Alpha-linoleum acid |
| EPA | Eicosapentaenoic acid |
| DHA | Docosahexaenoic acid |
| IGF-1 | Insulin-like growth factor-1 |
| VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
| GnRH | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
| FSH | Follicle-stimulating hormone |
| LH | Luteinizing hormones |
| LDL | Low-density lipoprotein |
| FMT | Fecal microbiome transplantation |
| LDL-C | LDL cholesterol |
| RCTs | Randomized controlled trials |
| LCFAs | Long-chain fatty acids |
| CR | Caloric restrictions |
| STF | Short-term fasting |
| CNS | Central nervous system |
| βHB | β-hydroxybutyrate |
| MCTs | Medium chain triglycerides |
| PTX | Paclitaxel |
| PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
| KD | Ketogenic diet |
| NAPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| SIRT 1 | sirtuin 1 |
| NRF-2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
| PI3K | phosphoinositol 3-kinase |
| SAM | S-adenosylmethionine |