ZSS	Ziziphi Spinosae Semen
TCM	traditional Chinese medicine
MPLC	medium-pressure liquid chromatography
HPLC	high-performance liquid chromatography
NREM	non-rapid eye movement
5-HT	5-hydroxytryptamine
CNS	central nervous system
LHA	lateral hypothalamic area
LC	locus coeruleus
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinase
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Nrf2	nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2
ADAM10	A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10
APP	amyloid precursor protein
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
ChAT	choline acetyltransferase
GABA	γ-Aminobutyric acid
PFC	prefrontal cortex
ASK1	Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
AST	Aspartate Aminotransferase
BUN	Blood Urea Nitrogen
SOD	Superoxide Dismutase
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
OA	Osteoarthritis
NQO1	NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1
PKA	Protein kinase A
LC3B-II	light chain 3B-II
P-gp	P-glycoprotein
CsA	cyclosporine A
6-FS	6′′′-Feruloylspinosin
P-CS	6′′′-p-Coumaroylspinosin
AUC	area under the concentration–time curve
SPI	spinosin
BBB	blood–brain barrier
HSCCC	high-speed countercurrent chromatography
NMR	nuclear magnetic resonance
REM	rapid eye movement
TPH	tryptophan hydroxylase
SD	Sprague-Dawley
MCH	melanin-concentrating hormone
Acb	accumbens
NFTs	neurofibrillary tangles
CREB	cAMP-response element binding protein
ROS	reactive oxygen species
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
BACE1	Beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme 1
MDA	malondialdehyde
LTP	long-term potentiation
CRS	chronic restraint stress
HPC	hippocampus
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
p38 MAPK	p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
ALT	Alanine Aminotransferase
GSH	Glutathione
CAT	Catalase
TP53	Tumor Protein P53
PTSD	Post-traumatic stress disorder
Nfatc1	nuclear factor of activated T cells c1
GSK3β	glycogen synthase kinase-3β
PK	pharmacokinetic
MRPs	multidrug resistance-associated proteins
CYP	cytochrome P450
RORα	retinoid-related orphan receptor α
SD	Solid dispersion
Cmax	peak plasma concentration