Table 7.

Practical interpretation of exercise modalities based on the current network meta-analysis.

Exercise modality	Main signal in the current analysis	Practical interpretation
AE	Showed statistically supported benefits versus CON for addictive craving and negative affect, and ranked highest for the cognitive function outcome.	May be considered a foundational option when symptom targets are mixed or clinical resources are limited.
ME	Showed statistically supported benefits versus CON for addictive craving and negative affect, with the highest ranking for craving.	May be useful when craving or multiple symptom burdens are prominent.
MBE	Ranked favorably for craving in the StUD subgroup and showed a statistically supported effect versus CON in that subgroup.	May be considered when craving is accompanied by arousal, stress, or regulation-related symptoms.
RSE	Ranked relatively high for craving in the Non-StUD subgroup, although evidence remained less definitive.	May be considered as an adjunctive option where bodily control, motivation, or self-efficacy are relevant targets.
YME	Ranked relatively high for negative affect, but the confidence interval crossed zero.	May be considered an affect-oriented adjunct, while further confirmation is needed.

This table summarizes the main evidence signals and a cautious practical interpretation for each modality based on the current network meta-analysis; the interpretations are intended as supportive considerations (“may be considered”) rather than definitive treatment recommendations. AE, aerobic exercise; ME, multicomponent exercise; MBE, mind–body exercise; RSE, resistance exercise; YME, yoga- or mindfulness-based exercise; CON, control; StUD, stimulant use disorder; Non-StUD, non-stimulant use disorder.