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. 2026 Jul 30;31(15):2660. doi: 10.3390/molecules31152660
LC-MS/LC-MS/MS Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry/Tandem Mass Spectrometry
UHPLC Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
DLS Dynamic Light Scattering
NTA Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
PDI Polydispersity Index
FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
ATR Attenuated Total Reflectance
PDB Protein Data Bank
SDF Structure Data File
SP Standard Precision
GAE Gallic Acid Equivalent/Equivalenti di Acido Gallico
TPC Total Polyphenol Content
EE/EE% Encapsulation Efficiency
MV-Ext Marrubium vulgare Crude Extract
MV-Lipos Marrubium vulgare Polyphenol-Loaded Liposomes
IBD Inflammatory bowel disease
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
PMA Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate
MΦs Macrophages
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
MDA Malondialdehyde
TBARS Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance
SOD Superoxide Dismutase
CAT Catalase
GPx Glutathione Peroxidase
GSH Reduced Glutathione
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-18 Interleukin-18
NO Nitric Oxide
PGE2 Prostaglandin E2
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
AP-1 Activator Protein 1
NF-κB Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
COX/COX-1/COX-2 Cyclooxygenase
LOX/5-LOX Lipoxygenase/5-Lipoxygenase
ROW Relative Organ Weight
AST Aspartate Aminotransferase
ALT Alanine Aminotransferase
CREA Creatinine
SGF Simulated Gastrointestinal Fluid
SIF Simulated Intestinal Fluid
TN/TP Negative Control/Positive Control
SEM Standard Error of the Mean
SD Standard Deviation
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development