AMP	adenosine monophosphate
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ARE	antioxidant response element
ATG	autophagy-related gene/protein
ATP	adenosine triphosphate
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
Bcl-xL	B-cell lymphoma extra-large
BMAL1	brain and muscle ARNT-like 1
cGAS	cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
CRP	C-reactive protein
CYP2D6	cytochrome P450 2D6
CYP3A4	cytochrome P450 3A4
EC	European Commission
EFSA	European Food Safety Authority
eIF5A	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A
EP300	E1A binding protein p300
EU	European Union
FDA	US Food and Drug Administration
FOXO	forkhead box O transcription factor
GLUT4	glucose transporter type 4
GRAS	generally recognized as safe
GSK-3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HbA1c	glycated hemoglobin A1c
HOMA-IR	homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
IL-6	interleukin-6
IL-8	interleukin-8
LC3	microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3
LDL-C	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
MMP	matrix metalloproteinase
mTOR	mechanistic target of rapamycin
mTORC1	mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP3	NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3
Nrf2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
P-gp	P-glycoprotein
PER2	period circadian regulator 2
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PI3K	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PINK1	PTEN-induced kinase 1
PRKAA2	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2
RCT	randomized controlled trial
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SASP	senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SCFA	short-chain fatty acid
SEDDSs	self-emulsifying drug delivery systems
SIRT1	sirtuin 1
SREBP-1c	sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
STING	stimulator of interferon genes
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TSCM	T memory stem cell
UA	urolithin A