Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients with and without in-Hospital Progression
| Variable | Overall | Non-Progression | Progression | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General information | ||||
| Age [years, mean ± SD] | 40.49 ± 9.26 | 41.80 ± 10.06 | 39.35 ± 8.40 | 0.095 |
| Sex [n, %] | 0.051 | |||
| Male | 122 (74.4%) | 51 (67.1%) | 71 (80.7%) | |
| Female | 42 (25.6%) | 25 (32.9%) | 17 (19.3%) | |
| Smoking history [n, %] | 0.358 | |||
| Yes | 39 (23.8%) | 21 (27.6%) | 18 (20.5%) | |
| No | 125 (76.2%) | 55 (72.4%) | 70 (79.5%) | |
| Alcohol consumption history [n, %] | 0.797 | |||
| Yes | 16 (9.8%) | 8 (10.5%) | 8 (9.1%) | |
| No | 148 (90.2%) | 68 (89.5%) | 80 (90.9%) | |
| Diabetes [n, %] | 0.093 | |||
| Yes | 69 (42.1%) | 27 (35.5%) | 42 (47.7%) | |
| No | 95 (57.9%) | 49 (64.5%) | 46 (52.3%) | |
| Length of hospital stay [days, median (IQR)] | 7.00 (6.00–9.00) | 6.00 (5.00–8.00) | 8.00 (6.00–11.00) | <0.001 (***) |
| Time to follow-up CT [days, median (IQR)] | 4.00 (3.00–5.00) | 5.00 (3.00–5.00) | 3.00 (2.50–4.00) | <0.001 (***) |
| Laboratory parameters | ||||
| Amylase [U/L, median (IQR)] | 144.00 (69.25–300.50) | 112.00 (58.00–247.00) | 166.00 (86.00–360.00) | 0.034 (*) |
| Lipase [U/L, median (IQR)] | 275.80 (123.40–848.90) | 246.10 (96.50–766.75) | 406.90 (188.48–970.23) | 0.008 (**) |
| WBC [×109/L, mean ± SD] | 13.89 ± 4.19 | 13.25 ± 4.28 | 14.43 ± 4.05 | 0.073 |
| RBC [×1012/L, mean ± SD] | 4.90 ± 0.52 | 4.87 ± 0.51 | 4.94 ± 0.53 | 0.386 |
| HGB [g/L, median (IQR)] | 159.00 (146.00–169.00) | 153.50 (140.50–163.00) | 164.00 (147.75–173.25) | 0.002 (**) |
| PLT [×109/L, mean ± SD] | 238.82 ± 61.06 | 243.49 ± 59.16 | 234.78 ± 62.71 | 0.362 |
| HCT [%, median (IQR)] | 43.35 (40.27–45.90) | 43.30 (39.98–46.15) | 43.45 (40.40–45.73) | 0.992 |
| Ca [mmol/L, median (IQR)] | 2.19 (2.10–2.27) | 2.20 (2.13–2.30) | 2.17 (2.08–2.24) | 0.035 (*) |
| TBIL [µmol/L, median (IQR)] | 9.30 (7.10–13.45) | 10.10 (6.95–15.30) | 9.00 (7.40–13.05) | 0.488 |
| DBIL [µmol/L, median (IQR)] | 4.85 (3.32–7.50) | 4.25 (3.30–6.12) | 5.35 (3.55–8.30) | 0.024 (*) |
| IBIL [µmol/L, median (IQR)] | 4.50 (2.60–8.30) | 5.50 (3.40–10.50) | 3.45 (1.55–7.35) | <0.001 (***) |
| ALT [U/L, median (IQR)] | 17.95 (10.97–29.38) | 18.80 (11.00–31.05) | 17.50 (11.05–29.25) | 0.436 |
| AST [U/L, median (IQR)] | 18.50 (13.62–23.70) | 18.20 (13.55–23.05) | 18.70 (14.40–25.00) | 0.653 |
| Urea [mmol/L, median (IQR)] | 4.00 (3.17–4.90) | 4.12 (3.12–5.05) | 3.92 (3.26–4.87) | 0.691 |
| Cr [µmol/L, median (IQR)] | 55.30 (45.75–67.70) | 54.20 (45.50–67.70) | 56.65 (46.58–67.65) | 0.380 |
| TG [mmol/L, median (IQR)] | 25.09 (14.66–42.80) | 15.36 (12.71–28.71) | 34.19 (21.15–52.27) | <0.001 (***) |
| TC [mmol/L, median (IQR)] | 8.90 (6.58–12.40) | 7.85 (5.98–9.57) | 10.66 (7.88–14.24) | <0.001 (***) |
| GLU [mmol/L, median (IQR)] | 8.00 (6.20–11.51) | 7.40 (5.80–11.43) | 8.50 (6.47–11.60) | 0.146 |
| PCT [ng/mL, median (IQR)] | 0.07 (0.04–0.13) | 0.06 (0.03–0.10) | 0.08 (0.04–0.16) | 0.084 |
| CRP [mg/L, median (IQR)] | 22.85 (5.91–59.31) | 13.65 (4.10–53.94) | 28.38 (7.01–76.36) | 0.135 |
| CT-based body composition | ||||
| VFA [cm2, mean ± SD] | 396.41 ± 146.60 | 333.35 ± 132.42 | 450.88 ± 136.66 | <0.001 (***) |
| SFA [cm2, median (IQR)] | 268.98 (208.65–339.97) | 257.94 (191.48–320.19) | 278.39 (220.23–361.22) | 0.045 (*) |
| TFA [cm2, median (IQR)] | 669.85 (532.81–835.87) | 561.32 (444.67–719.17) | 754.67 (620.44–870.43) | <0.001 (***) |
| ACA [cm2, mean ± SD] | 708.53 ± 178.42 | 665.32 ± 175.64 | 745.84 ± 173.23 | 0.004 (**) |
| VFA/TFA [mean ± SD] | 0.58 ± 0.12 | 0.56 ± 0.12 | 0.60 ± 0.11 | 0.024 (*) |
| VFA/ACA [median (IQR)] | 0.56 (0.50–0.62) | 0.51 (0.44–0.55) | 0.60 (0.56–0.65) | <0.001 (***) |
| Liver attenuation [HU, median (IQR)] | 38.00 (28.00–48.00) | 41.00 (28.75–52.00) | 35.50 (26.00–44.25) | 0.008 (**) |
| Splenic attenuation [HU, median (IQR)] | 51.00 (46.75–53.00) | 51.50 (47.00–54.00) | 50.00 (46.00–53.00) | 0.117 |
| Muscle attenuation [HU, mean ± SD] | 56.01 ± 4.81 | 56.32 ± 5.10 | 55.74 ± 4.55 | 0.449 |
| BISAP [score, median (IQR)] | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.989 |
| EPIC [score, median (IQR)] | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 0.238 |
| mPASS [score, median (IQR)] | 85 (65–105) | 70 (55–95) | 87.5 (70–105) | 0.005 (**) |
Notes: Statistical significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Abbreviations: WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count; HGB, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet count; HCT, hematocrit; Ca, calcium; TBIL, total bilirubin; DBIL, direct bilirubin; IBIL, indirect bilirubin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; Cr, creatinine; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; GLU, glucose; PCT, procalcitonin; CRP, C-reactive protein; VFA, visceral fat area; SFA, subcutaneous fat area; TFA, total fat area; ACA, abdominal cavity area; HU, Hounsfield units; EPIC, extrapancreatic inflammation on CT score; mPASS, modified Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System; BISAP, Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis.