Skip to main content
. 2026 Jul 24;18(15):2424. doi: 10.3390/nu18152424
ADH alcohol dehydrogenase
ADH1 alcohol dehydrogenase 1
ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
AIC Akaike information criterion
ALDH aldehyde dehydrogenase
ALDH1A1 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1
ALDH2 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2
AMPK AMP-activated protein kinase
AO alcohol-only
AST aspartate aminotransferase
AUDIT-C Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption
B1 thiamine
B12 cobalamin
B6 pyridoxine
BAC blood alcohol concentration
BIC Bayesian information criterion
bpm beats per minute
CI confidence interval
CONSORT Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials
COX-1 cyclooxygenase 1
CYP2E1 cytochrome P450 2E1
DHM dihydromyricetin
ES effect size
GABAA γ-aminobutyric acid type A
GSH glutathione
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
ICC intraclass correlation coefficient
IL-10 interleukin 10
IL-6 interleukin 6
IRB institutional review board
LMEM linear mixed-effects model
MAR missing at random
MDA malondialdehyde
MTCA 2-methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid
NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form
NDB non-drinking baseline
NF-κB nuclear factor kappa B
NN normal-to-normal intervals
NO nitric oxide
Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PROMs patient-reported outcome measures
PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder
RCT randomized controlled trial
REM rapid eye movement
REML restricted maximum likelihood
ROS reactive oxygen species
SD standard deviation
SIRT1 sirtuin 1
THC tetrahydrocannabinol
TLFB Timeline Followback
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha
TPP thiamine pyrophosphate
WHO-5 World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index
21 CFR Part 11 Title 21 Code of Federal Regulations Part 11