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. 2026 Jul 31;31(15):2673. doi: 10.3390/molecules31152673
ANOVA Analysis of variance
Ar Argon gas
AT Averaging time
BEC Background equivalent concentration
BW Body weight
C Concentration of the investigated element in the analyzed beverage
CDI Chronic Daily Intake
CIELAB Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage L*a*b* color system
CRM Certified reference material
CV Coefficient of variation
DI Daily intake rate
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity
ED Exposure duration
EDI Estimated Daily Intake
EF Exposure frequency
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
EU European Union
GAE Gallic acid equivalents
GI Geographical Indication for spirit drinks
HCA Hierarchical cluster analysis
He-KED Helium kinetic energy discrimination mode
HI Hazard Index
ICP-MS Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
L* Lightness parameter
a* Red-green chromatic coordinate
b* Yellow-blue chromatic coordinate
LoD Limit of detection
LoQ Limit of quantification
n Number of replicate determinations or samples
NTU Nephelometric turbidity units
PC1 First principal component
PC2 Second principal component
PCA Principal component analysis
PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
QA/QC Quality assurance and quality control
QC Quality control verification standard
R2 Coefficient of determination
RF Radiofrequency
RfD Oral reference dose
RSD Relative standard deviation
SD Standard deviation
SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
TPC Total phenolic content
THQ Target Hazard Quotient
TTHQ Total Target Hazard Quotient
UV–Vis Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry
v/v Volume/volume ratio
WHO World Health Organization
GS Traditional grape Pălincă distillate
PS Traditional plum Pălincă distillate
GH Experimental grape Pălincă-based beverage with honey, 1/3 honey, v/v
GH2 Experimental grape Pălincă-based beverage with honey, 1/2 honey, v/v
GH3 Experimental grape Pălincă-based beverage with honey, 2/3 honey, v/v
GH4 Experimental grape Pălincă-based beverage with honey, 3/4 honey, v/v
PH Experimental plum Pălincă-based beverage with honey, 1/3 honey, v/v
PH2 Experimental plum Pălincă-based beverage with honey, 1/2 honey, v/v
PH3 Experimental plum Pălincă-based beverage with honey, 2/3 honey, v/v
PH4 Experimental plum Pălincă-based beverage with honey, 3/4 honey, v/v
GB Experimental grape Pălincă-based beverage macerated with blackthorn fruits
GR Experimental grape Pălincă-based beverage macerated with rosehips
GW Experimental grape Pălincă-based beverage matured with plum wood
GHB Mixed grape Pălincă-based beverage with honey and blackthorn fruits
PB Experimental plum Pălincă-based beverage macerated with blackthorn fruits
PR Experimental plum Pălincă-based beverage macerated with rosehips
PW Experimental plum Pălincă-based beverage matured with plum wood
PRC Experimental plum Pălincă-based beverage with fragmented rosehips
PFW Experimental plum Pălincă-based beverage matured with mulberry wood
PHB Mixed plum Pălincă-based beverage with honey and blackthorn fruits