| CP MAS NMR | Cross-polarization, magic-angle spinning NMR spectroscopy |
| EDX | Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy |
| EFTEM | Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy |
| GC-FID | Gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector |
| IR | Infrared spectroscopy |
| NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
| SBA-15 | Santa Barbara material no. 15 |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
| XPS | X-ray photon spectroscopy |