ACCα	Acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AOPP	Advanced oxidation protein products
Arg1	Arginase 1
Ass1	Argininosuccinate synthase 1
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
ATGL	Adipose Triglyceride Lipase
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma-2
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BLA	Blood lactate
BNIP3	BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 K Da-interacting protein 3
BRAF	B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, serine/threonine kinase
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen
C/EBPα	CAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha
C2C12	Immortalized mouse myoblast cell line
CAT	Chloramphenicol Acetyl Transferase
CD3+	Cluster of differentiation 3
CK	Creatine kinase
Cco	Cytochrome c oxidase
Cps1	Carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1
CRP	C-Reactive Protein
CYP7A1	Cytochrome P450 Family 7 Subfamily A Member 1
CytC	Cytochrome C
DA	Dopamine
DAF-16	SKN-1/Nrf2
DGAT	Diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase
DRP1	Dynamin-related protein 1
EDRF	Endothelium-derived relaxing factor
EPO	Erythropoietin
ERK1	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1
FASN	Fatty acid synthase
FOXO1	Forkhead box protein O1
GLU	Glutamate
GLUT4	Glucose transporter type 4
GPT	Glutamate pyruvate transaminase
GPX	Glutathione peroxidase
GSSG	Glutathione disulfide
GST	Glutathione S-transferases
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
HK2	Hexokinase 2
HMGCR	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
HO1	Heme oxygenase 1
HOMA-R	Homeostatic Model Assessment for Resistance
HSL	Hormone-sensitive lipase
HSP70	Heat shock protein 70
IL-6	Interleukin-6
JNK	Jun N-terminal kinase
Keap1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
LA	Lactate
LC3B	Microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
LG	Liver glycogen
LKB1	Liver Kinase B1
MAFbx	Muscle Atrophy F-box gene
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinases
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MEF2C	Myocyte enhancer factor 2C
MFN1	Mitofusin-1
MG	Muscle glycogen
MnSOD	Manganese superoxide dismutase
MSTN	Myostatin
mtDNA	Mitochondrial DNA
mTORC1	Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
MUAC	Mid-upper-arm circumference
MuRF1	Muscle-specific RING finger protein 1
Myf5	Myogenic factor 5
MyHC-I	Myosin heavy chain type I
MyoD	Myoblast determination protein
NAD	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nags	N-acetylglutamate synthase
NE	Norepinephrine
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NH3	Ammonia
NK cells	Natural killer cells
NQO1	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
NEFA	Non-esterified fatty acids
OCR	Oxygen consumption rate
Otc	Ornithine transcarbamylase
oxLDL	Oxidized low density lipoprotein
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PARP1	Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1
PEPCK	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
PFK-1	Phosphofructokinase-1
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha
PINK1	PTEN-induced kinase 1
PPARγ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
ROS	Reactive Oxygen Species
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SDH	Succinate dehydrogenase
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
SREBP1C	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c
STAT-3	Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TAS	Tyrosine auxotrophy suppressor
TCA	Trichloroacetic acid
TFAM	Mitochondrial transcription factor A
TG	Thyroglobulin
TGF-β1	Transforming growth factor beta 1
TGR5	Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5
TLR-4	Toll-like receptor 4
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TNNC1	Troponin C1
T:C	Testosterone to Cortisol ratio
VAS	Visual analogue scales
VO2max	Maximal oxygen consumption
5-HIAA	5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid
5-HT	Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine
8-iso-PGF2α	8-iso Prostaglandin F2α
8-OHdG	8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine