FIG. 3.
Induction of IFN-β promoter and IFN signaling in bovine cells. (A) Activation of the IFN-β promoter by infection with Npro mutants. (B) Activation of IFN signaling in cells infected with Npro mutants. Bovine cells were electroporated with IFN-CAT (A) and ISRE-Luc (B) reporter plasmids, and after 24 h of incubation, they were mock infected or infected with different BVDVs as indicated. The data were normalized by Renilla luciferase expression, and the induction was calculated relative to the mock-infected cells. The error bars indicate standard deviations.