Skip to main content
. 2025 Dec 15;41(3):493–512. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2025.12.006

Table 3.

Evidence-based classification of European countries/regions.

Level 1 Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Kosovo, Spain
Level 2 North Macedonia, Portugal, Ukraine/Crimea
Level 3 Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Republic of Moldova, Romania, and Slovenia
Level 4 Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Finland, Germany, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, San Marino, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Level 5 Andorra, Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Jersey, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Monaco, Svalbard and Jan Mayen islands, and Åland islands