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. 2026 Jul 27;26(15):4775. doi: 10.3390/s26154775
Algorithm 2. Residual MLP Classifier
Input: Fused CNN embedding x∈R3328
Output: Softmax probability vector y^ ∈ R2
  1. Input transformation

h0←Dropout0.3[BatchNorm(ReLU(Dense1024(x)+b0)))]
  • 2.

    Residual blocks

For each residual block k = 1,2:
res←hk−1
h←Dense256(hk−1)→ReLU→BatchNorm→Dense1024
hk←Dropout0.2[ReLU(h+res)]
  • 3.

    Output layer

y^←Softmax(Dense2(h2))
  • 4.

    Training configuration

The residual MLP was trained using Adam with cosine annealing, categorical cross-entropy with label smoothing of 0.1, a batch size of 32, and 25 epochs under stratified five-fold cross-validation.