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. 2026 Jul 23;26(15):4691. doi: 10.3390/s26154691
Algorithm 1. Screened IMM-GRU filtering-tracking algorithm
Input: Radar measurement sequence Zk, sequence length L, four filtering networks {fi(⋅)}i=03, classification network C(⋅), polar-coordinate noise covariance Rk, integer fixed-lag order n, and CA process-noise intensity qs.
Output: Final position estimate p^kS obtained by screened filtering.
Step 1. For each time k, update the measurement sequence of length L and obtain the normalized measurement sequence Z¯k by min-max normalization.
Step 2. Input the normalized measurements into the four GRU filtering networks to obtain p^k(i),i=1,2,3,4.
Step 3. Construct the convex feasible domain Dk of the current network from the outp-uts of the four filtering networks.
Step 4. Convert the polar measurement into a Cartesian measurement and obtain Rkc through Jacobian propagation.
Step 5. Perform forward Kalman filtering under the CA model to obtain skf,Pkf,sk−,Pk−.
Step 6. For each state time, take mk=min(N,k+n) and perform RTS backward smo-othing over the interval [k,mk] to obtain the reference position rk.
Step 7. Project rk onto the network convex feasible domain Dk to obtain p^kS=ΠDk(rk).