FIG. 8.

NDV stimulates DC maturation by both IFN-α/β-dependent and IFN-α/β-independent pathways. The relative abilities of RSV and NDV to induce maturation of WT or IFNAR^−/− (αR-/-) DCs were tested in vitro using BM-derived DCs cultured in either GM-CSF or Flt-3L. After 8 days of culture, DCs were infected with either RSV or NDV and analyzed 24 h later. Expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and MHC class II by CD11c⁺ cells is shown for uninfected cells (gray-filled histogram) and cells infected with NDV (blue) or RSV (red). Data from one representative experiment are shown; similar results were obtained in four additional experiments at both the 24- and 48-h time points.