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. 2026 Jul 27;11(31):46429–46440. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.6c03826

2. Foaming Properties of Standard and Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams.

Sample Cream Time (s) Foaming Start Time (s) Free Rise Time (s) Gel Time (s) NCO/OH Ratio
Standard PU Foam 11 35 83 189 1.82
25 CH/PU Foam 17 53 94 230 0.88
50 CH/PU Foam 19 67 105 235 0.61
65 CH/PU Foam 37 142 247 650 0.50