Table 4.

Frequency analysis of key terms in pre- and post-test writings

Category	Group	Pre Mean	SD	Post Mean	SD	t (29)	p	Effect size (Cohen’s d)
Clarity	Experimental	3.271	1.342	5.869	1.457	6.452	< 0.001	1.182
	Control	3.289	1.335	3.167	1.361	-0.487	0.630	-0.088
Accuracy	Experimental	2.873	1.215	5.667	1.382	6.784	< 0.001	1.242
	Control	2.883	1.217	2.917	1.223	0.121	0.905	0.020
Appropriateness	Experimental	3.127	1.291	6.003	1.509	6.319	< 0.001	1.149
	Control	3.150	1.298	3.257	1.308	0.301	0.765	0.057
Use of disciplinary language	Experimental	2.774	1.183	4.396	1.327	3.491	0.002	0.641
	Control	2.780	1.186	2.807	1.191	0.095	0.926	0.015
Integration of ethical concepts	Experimental	2.403	1.154	3.467	1.216	2.123	0.087	0.392
	Control	2.407	1.142	2.323	1.147	-0.248	0.806	-0.045