Table 3. Cases of nocardiosis and tuberculosis coinfection reported internationally.
AIDS: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ATT: antituberculous therapy treatment; CNS: central nervous system; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; EB: ethambutol; FSGS: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; HBV-MN: hepatitis B virus-associated membranous nephropathy; HPL: hyperlipidemia; IM: inflammatory myopathy; INH: isoniazid; LVFX: levofloxacin; MG: myasthenia gravis; PZA: pyrazinamide; RFP: rifampicin; TMP/SMX: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
| No. | Ref. | Age/Sex | Underlying comorbidity | Systemic immunosuppressive agents | Sites of infection | Isolated species | Treatment for nocardiosis and tuberculosis | Outcome |
| 1 | [4] | 79/F | COPD | None | Lung | N. farcinica, M. tuberculosis | TMP/SMX, INH, RFP, PZA, EB | Unknown |
| 2 | [5] | 43/M | Cerebral palsy, Chronic psychiatric illness | None | Lung | Nocardia spp., M. tuberculosis | Imipenem, linezolid, levofloxacin, TMP/SMX, INH, RFP, PZA, EB | Improved |
| 3 | [10] | 57/M | HBV-MN, Type 2 DM | Methylprednisolone | Lung | N. nova, M. tuberculosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cytomegalovirus | TMP/SMX, imipenem, INH, EB, PZA, LVFX | Improved |
| 4 | [11] | 49/M | COPD, DM | Steroid | Lung | Nocardia sp., M. tuberculosis | TMP/SMX, linezolid, INH, RFP, PZA, EB | Mortality |
| 5 | [12] | 41/M | MG, Type 2 DM, HPL | Methylprednisolone | Lung | N. brasiliensis, M. tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii | TMP/SMX, linezolid, INH, RFP, PZA, EB | Not improved |
| 6 | [13] | 72/F | IM | Methylprednisolone, Prednisolone, Methotrexate | Thyroid, CNS, Lung | Nocardia sp., M. tuberculosis | TMP/SMX, amikacin, imipenem, INH, RFP, PZA, EB | Mortality |
| 7 | [14] | 25/M | Primary FSGS | Steroid, Tacrolimus | Ocular | N. arthritidis, M. tuberculosis | Imipenem, intravenous cefotaxime, amikacin, ATT | Improved |
| 8 | [15] | 67/M | DM | None | Lung | Nocardia sp., M. tuberculosis | Meropenem, TMP/SMX, ATT | Improved |
| 9 | [16] | 36/M | AIDS, Type 2 DM | None | Lung | Nocardia sp., M. tuberculosis | TMP/SMX, ATT | Unknown |
| 10 | [17] | 75/M | COPD | None | Lung | N. otitidiscaviarum, M. tuberculosis | meropenem, ceftriaxone, ATT | Mortality |
| 11 | [18] | 65/M | None | None | Bone | N. actinomycetes, M. tuberculosis | TMP/SMX, INH, RFP, EB | Improved |
| 12 | [19] | 34/M | None | None | CNS | N. abscessus, M. tuberculosis | TMP/SMX, imipenem, linezolid, INH, RFP, PZA, EB | Mortality |
| 13 | [20] | 59/M | None | None | Lung | N. abscessus, M. tuberculosis | amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ATT | Improved |