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. 2026 Jun 3;16:25560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50498-y

Table 1.

Boundary conditions in buckling analysis

Boundary condition type Applied constrains
Free (F) No constrain
Clamped (C)

All DOF=0

(All translations and rotations are fixed)

Simply supported (S)

Inline graphic

(All translations are fixed)