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Performance comparison with additional DRL and multi-agent DRL baselines under the same IoV simulation setting.
| Method | Average Delay (ms) | Energy (J) | Success Rate (%) | Convergence Episodes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DQN | 290 | 1.45 | 82 | 1800 |
| DDPG | 275 | 1.35 | 83 | 1500 |
| MADDPG | 230 | 1.20 | 88 | 1100 |
| MAPPO | 215 | 1.15 | 90 | 1000 |
| SAC | 260 | 1.50 | 85 | 1200 |
| OMTOS | 180 | 1.00 | 92 | 800 |
