Table 2.
Simulation parameters used for evaluating the proposed multi-tier IoV offloading framework.
| Parameter | Symbol | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of vehicles | N | 20–100 | Scaled urban traffic density inspired by LuST/TAPASCologne |
| Number of RSUs | R | 5 | Moderate-scale VEC deployment assumption |
| Number of MEC servers | M | 3 | Multi-tier edge-computing scenario |
| Bandwidth | B | 10 MHz | 3GPP V2X/channel-modeling setting |
| Transmission power |  |
0.5 W | Representative vehicular communication setting |
| Noise power |  |
 W |
Wireless channel simulation setting |
| Vehicle CPU capacity |  |
1 GHz | Vehicle-side computation range in VEC studies |
| RSU computing capacity |  |
5 GHz | Edge-node computation setting |
| MEC computing capacity |  |
10 GHz | MEC-assisted task-processing setting |
| Cloud computing capacity |  |
50 GHz | High-tier cloud-processing assumption |
| Task data size |  |
0.5–5 MB | Heterogeneous vehicular task workload |
| CPU cycles per task |  |
 –
|
Computation-intensive VEC workload |
| Energy coefficient | κ |  |
Dynamic-voltage CPU energy model |
| Delay weight | α | 0.6 | Latency-prioritized objective setting |
| Energy weight | β | 0.4 | Energy-aware objective setting |