Table 2.

Participant and Study Characteristics

Study	N	Grade	Design	Fidelity
Al Otaiba et al. (2005)	73	K	RCT	Y
Baker et al. (2000)	84	1–2	RCT	N
Blachman et al. (2004)	69	2–3	RCT	Y
Burns (2011)	78	1	RCT	Y
Christodoulou et al. (2017)	47	1–4	RCT	N
Coyne et al. (2013)	162	K	CRT	Y
Denton et al. (2010)	422	1	RCT	Y
Denton et al. (2014)	206	1	RCT	Y
Donegan et al. (2020) Study 1	153	4	RCT	Y
Duff et al. (2014)	145	1	QED	Y
Fawcett et al. (2001)	87	2	QED	N
Fives et al. (2013)	227	2	RCT	Y
Frantz (2000)	78	2–6	QED	N
Georgiou et al. (2020)	48	3	RCT	Y
Graham et al. (2002)	54	2	RCT	Y
Gunn et al. (2005)	245	K-3	RCT	Y
Hagans and Good (2013)	50	1	RCT	N
Hatcher et al. (2006)	77	K	RCT	N
Jenkins et al. (2004)	99	1	RCT	Y
Little et al. (2012)	90	K	RCT	Y
Lovett et al. (2017)	219	1–3	QED	Y
Mathes et al. (2003)	89	1	QED	Y
Mayfield (2000)	60	1	RCT	N
Miciak et al. (2018)	270	4	RCT	Y
Morris et al. (2012)	279	2–3	RCT	N
Nicolson et al. (1999)	102	1	QED	N
O'Callaghan et al. (2016)	98	PK-K	RCT	N
O'Connor et al. (2002)	46	3–5	RCT	Y
O'Shaughnessy and Swanson (2000)	45	2	RCT	Y
Scanlon et al. (2005)	84	K-1	RCT	N
Simmons et al. (2011)	206	K	CRT	Y
Storey et al. (2020)	32	1–4	RCT	N
Torgesen et al. (2010)	108	1	RCT	N
Toste et al. (2019)	108	4–5	RCT	Y
Vadasy et al. (1997a)	35	1	RCT	N
Vadasy et al. (1997b)	40	1	RCT	Y
Vadasy et al. (2000)	46	1	RCT	Y
Vadasy et al. (2005)	57	1	QED	Y
Vadasy et al. (2006)	67	K	RCT	Y
Vadasy et al. (2007)	43	2–3	RCT	Y
Vadasy and Sanders (2008a)	86	K	QED	Y
Vadasy and Sanders (2008b)	162	2–3	RCT	Y
Vadasy and Sanders (2009)	202	2–3	RCT	Y
Vadasy and Sanders (2010)	84	K	RCT	Y
Vadasy and Sanders (2011)	98	1	RCT	Y
Vaughn et al. (2006a)	40	1	RCT	Y
Vaughn et al. (2006b)	91	1	RCT	Y
Vellutino et al. (2008)	113	K	RCT	N
Wang and Algozzine (2008)	139	1	CRT	Y
Wanzek and Vaughn (2008) Study 1	50	1	RCT	Y
Wanzek and Vaughn (2008) Study 2	36	1	RCT	Y
Wanzek et al. (2020)	260	4	RCT	Y
Wise et al. (1999)	153	2–5	QED	N

Note. RCT = randomized controlled trial; CRT = cluster randomized trial; QED = quasi-experimental design; Y = Yes; N = No.