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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Aug 18.
Published before final editing as: First Lang. 2026 Jan 31:10.1177/01427237251407502. doi: 10.1177/01427237251407502

TABLE 3.

Summary of Exploratory Factor Analysis Results for the BRAVO (n=86)

Item Rotated Factor Loading
1 2 3 u2 Original Scale
1. The ability to communicate in more than one language is valued in the United States. −.200 −.101 1.054 .38 General beliefs about bilingualism
2. People who speak more than one language earn more money in certain jobs in the United States. .405 −.107 .437 .42 General beliefs about bilingualism
3. Communicating in more than one language helps a person understand people from different cultural backgrounds. .746 .072 .105 .35 General beliefs about bilingualism
4. It is important for my child to speak more than one language. .835 .063 .061 .40 Beliefs about bilingualism related to my child
5. It is important for my child to learn to READ and WRITE more than one language. .404 .239 .259 .45 Beliefs about bilingualism related to my child
6. In the United States, communicating in more than one language is very important. .096 −.008 .731 .41 General beliefs about bilingualism
7. Raising my child in English is a necessary sacrifice to ensure their success. .154 .380 −.247 .62 Drawbacks of raising my child as bilingual
8. Knowing more than one language will help my child succeed in school in the long term. .862 .021 .047 .37 Benefits of raising my child bilingually
9. Knowing more than one language will help my child have more job opportunities. .671 −.044 .343 .43 Benefits of raising my child bilingually
10. Being bilingual can help my child preserve their culture and traditions. −.030 .961 .026 .39 Emotional benefits of raising my child as bilingual
11. Being able to communicate in their native language can help my child feel a sense of identity and belonging. .097 .762 .003 .36 Emotional benefits of raising my child as bilingual
12. Being bilingual can help my child connect with other family members (e.g. grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc.). −.345 .963 .195 .44 Emotional benefits of raising my child as bilingual
13. Being bilingual can help my child develop better social skills. .295 .406 .190 .40 Benefits of raising my child bilingually
14. Everyone living in the United States should learn English. .022 −.149 .409 .54 General beliefs about bilingualism
15. To be successful, the ONLY language my child needs to speak well is English. .674 .135 −.368 .46 Drawbacks of raising my child as bilingual
16. Introducing a second language could interfere or delay my child’s development. .379 −.214 .031 .62 Drawbacks of raising my child as bilingual
% of Variance 49.81 11.51 7.79

Note: Items 15 and 16 were reverse coded prior to analysis