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. 2026 Aug 4;17:1896630. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1896630

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Copyright © 2026 Ding, Liu, Zhang, Yang, Jiang and Jiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Scatterplot (A) displays principal component analysis with four clusters color-coded for groups LB, LCK, RB, and RCK; axes show PC1 explaining forty-three point two percent and PC2 explaining twenty-one point three percent of variance. Bar charts (B) and (C) present plant hormone content comparisons among these groups, with significant differences indicated by letters a and b, and error bars representing variability. — Hormonal content changes following HIF treatment. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) quality control. (B) Hormone content changes in leaves. (C) Hormone content changes in roots. LB and RB: treatment group, LCK and RCK: control group, L, leaf, R, root. The meaning of “different letters” as provided in this figure is that the differences between groups reached a significant level (P < 0.05).