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. 2026 Aug 4;17:1896630. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2026.1896630

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Copyright © 2026 Ding, Liu, Zhang, Yang, Jiang and Jiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Panel A contains summarized bar charts showing gene counts with blue for downregulation and red for upregulation across four comparison groups; a legend clarifies fold change ranges. Panel B and D display heatmaps of gene expression with blue to red gradients for different sample groups. Panel C and E are bar graphs displaying KEGG pathway enrichment, listing pathways on the y-axis and -log10 p-values on the x-axis, with upregulated pathways in orange and downregulated in blue. — Proteomics analysis results. (A) Bar chart showing the numbers of differentially expressed proteins. (B,D) Cluster analysis of differentially expressed proteins in leaves and roots, respectively. (C,E) Butterfly plots showing pathway enrichment of top 12 up- and down-regulated proteins in leaves and roots, respectively.