Chromosome condensation and expression of sporulation-specific protein σF in wild-type and FtsZ-depleted cells. (A and B) Following depletion of FtsZ (strain KP444; see Materials and Methods), cell division is inhibited, producing long cells (A; FM 4-64 staining) that contain asymmetrically condensed chromosomes (B; DAPI staining) near the cell pole (arrows 1). (C to H) Cells were harvested at t2, prepared for immunofluorescence microscopy, and stained with anti-σF antibodies (green; D, E, G, and H) and DAPI (blue; C, E, F, and H). (C to E) Wild-type cells that show no σF immunostaining lack polar condensed regions of their chromosomes (arrows 2), whereas those with bright σF immunostaining show condensed chromosomes in various stages of translocation into the forespore (arrows 3). (F to H) Cells of strain KP444 (Pspac-ftsZ) were depleted of FtsZ by growth without IPTG (as described Materials and Methods), blocking cell division. Cells that show no σF immunostaining have symmetrically condensed chromosomes (arrows 4), whereas those with bright σF immunostaining show polar condensed regions (arrows 5 and 6). Scale bar, (A), 1 μm.