Table 13. Summary of additive-engineering strategies for enhanced efficiency and stability of organic solar cells.

Additive	Active layer	PCE (%)	Condition	Lifetime	Ref.
1,8-Diiodooctane	PTB7-Th : PC71BM	7.8	MPPT	<60%, 120 min	281
1,4-Difluorobenzene	J71 : m-ITTC	12.38	Dark	87%, 200 h	282
Tetrahydrofuran	D18-Cl : Y6	17.70	80 °C	60%, 150 min	283
1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene	PM6 : BTP-eC9	19.31	MPPT	T80 = 1000 h	48
TMB	PM6 : BTP-eC9	18.61	MPPT	88%, 200 h	284
P-Cl	PM6/BTP-eC9	19.10	MPPT	91%, 500 h	285
PID	PM6 : Y6	16.3	85 °C	98%, 1200 h	286
PQ (9,10-phenanthrenequinone)	PM6 : Y6	15.2	85 °C	>93%, 100 h	287
DTH	PM6 : L8-BO	18.51	Illumination	79.0%, 800 h	288