Table 1.
Methodological positioning of the present study against representative recent work across IMU-based motion analysis, multimodal fusion, and digital PE assessment
| Study | Modality | Target Domain | Inter-rater Reliability Reported | Participant-wise Split | Adaptive Temporal Alignment | Multi-seed Evaluation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [1] | IMU | Sport biomechanics | — | — | — | — |
| [2] | IMU + GPS + physiological | Team sports | Not reported | Not reported | Fixed-offset | No |
| [3] | Multi-source load + physiological | Injury-risk prediction | N/A | Yes | N/A | No |
| [4] | Event + positional | Soccer match analysis | N/A | Match-wise | Event-specific (DTW-based) | No |
| [13] | IMU | Clinical gait | — | — | — | — |
| [20] | Multimodal | Precision health | — | — | — | — |
| [21] | CT imaging + EHR | Pulmonary embolism | N/A | Yes | N/A | No |
| [25] | IMU + multi-sensor | Human activity recognition | N/A | Random split | N/A | No |
| [29] | Digital video | Child PE assessment | Reviewed (> 0.90) | — | — | — |
| Ours | IMU + digitized rubric | School PE (4 sports) | Yes (ICC 0.87; Fleiss’ κ 0.72) | Yes (172 / 49 / 24 students) | Yes (adaptive DTW; 312→18 ms) | Yes (10 seeds) |
Cells marked “—” indicate that the dimension is not applicable to the study type (e.g., review articles); “N/A” indicates that the empirical study targets an outcome for which the dimension does not naturally apply