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. 2026 Aug 6;8:1913363. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2026.1913363

Table 2.

Mean of root-mean-squared residual forces(N) and moments(Nm) produced during RRA in OpenSim.

Foot strike pattern
FFS MFS RFS
Force (N) X 3.25 ± 7.29 (good) 2.69 ± 8.79 (good) 2.42 ± 7.00 (good)
Y 11.77 ± 1.42 (moderate) 8.18 ± 4.11 (good) 10.12 ± 2.82 (moderate)
Z 4.69 ± 3.69 (good) 5.17 ± 1.52 (good) 3.33 ± 4.56 (good)
Moment (Nm) X 20.41 ± 9.58 (good) 18.14 ± 3.57 (good) 15.02 ± 7.53 (good)
Y 9.44 ± 2.75 (good) 11.90 ± 3.74 (good) 12.34 ± 4.24 (good)
Z 13.89 ± 3.40 (good) 8.03 ± 3.72 (good) 9.28 ± 3.12 (good)

FFS, Forefoot strike; MFS, Midfoot strike; RFS, Rearfoot strike.