Table 4.

α sensitivity under the neutral Stage IV scenario

α	Government	Hospital	Logistics	Stable three-party cooperation
0.05	0.0000	0.0575	0.3037	No
0.08	0.0000	0.0408	0.4974	No
0.12	0.0000	0.0255	0.7476	No

Note: Results are shown for η = 5, WTP = 12 RMB, and subsidy = 50 RMB. α changes adjustment speed and final cooperation levels but does not produce stable three-party cooperation under this payoff specification