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. 2026 Aug 13;34(9):12. doi: 10.32604/or.2026.083159
AKT Protein kinase B
AMPK Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP)-activated Protein Kinase
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
ATPIF1 ATPase inhibitory factor 1
BCL2 B-cell lymphoma 2
CSCs Cancer Stem Cells
EMT Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
ETC Electron Transport Chain
FAD Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide
FMN Flavin Mononucleotide
GPx Glutathione Peroxides
GRX Glutaredoxin
GSH Glutathione
IDH2 Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2
IMS Intermembrane Space
KEAP1 Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1
MAMs Mitochondria-Associated Membranes
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
MCU Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter
MICU1 Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake 1
miRNAs microRNAs
MOMP Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization
MPT Mitochondrial Permeability Transition
mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA
mtROS Mitochondrial ROS
NADH Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADPH Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NF-κB Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NOX NADPH oxidases
NRF2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-Related Factor 2
OXPHOS Oxidative Phosphorylation
P2RX7 Purinergic Receptor P2X 7
P2RY2 Purinergic Receptor P2Y2
PET Positron Emission Tomography
PI3K Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
PML Promyelocytic Leukemia
PTEN Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog
RCD Regulated Cell Death
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
SOD Superoxide Dismutase
TCA Tricarboxylic Acid
TRX Thioredoxin
VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor