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. 2026 Apr 19;6(4):400–409. doi: 10.1016/j.jncc.2026.03.008

Table 2.

Methodology and outcome information of the included studies about ctDNA status.

Study IDRef Source of ctDNA ctDNA detection method Outcome NOS score
An, 201922 Blood NGS RFS/recurrence 6
Cai 201923 Blood NGS Lead time 5
Wang, 202024 Blood ddPCR RFS/OS/recurrence 7
Ge, 202125 Blood ddPCR and NGS OS 5
Ye, 202218 Blood NGS RFS/OS/recurrence 7
Zhu, 202226 Blood NGS RFS/recurrence 8
Xia, 202227 Blood NGS RFS 5
Lee, 202228 Blood NGS OS 7
Xu, 202329 Blood NGS RFS/recurrence 6
Campani, 202415 Blood ddPCR and NGS RFS/OS 9
Huang, 202430 Blood NGS RFS/recurrence 9
Hong, 202431 Blood NGS Recurrence 5
Sogbe, 202417 Blood ULP-WGS OS/PFS 7
Abdelrahim, 202232 - NGS Recurrence/lead time -
Jiang, 202233 Blood - Recurrence/RFS -
Pan, 202234 Blood NGS RFS -
Marron, 202335 Blood NGS RFS/Lead time -
Abdelrahim, 202436 Blood NGS RFS -
Guo, 202437 Blood NGS Lead time -

Abbreviations: -, not reported; ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA; ddPCR, droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction; NGS, next-generation sequencing; NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; RFS, relapse-free survival.