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. 2026 Jun 15;27:717. doi: 10.1186/s12891-026-10078-7

Table 4.

Comparison of JOA scores between the two protocols

Term Model 1 Model 2
β (95% CI) P value β (95% CI) P value
Time (0 month as reference)
 1 month 11.05 (10.17, 11.93) < 0.001 11.05 (10.17, 11.93) < 0.001
 3 months 20.05 (19.17, 20.93) < 0.001 20.05 (19.17, 20.93) < 0.001
6 months 21.55 (20.67, 22.43) < 0.001 21.55 (20.67, 22.43) < 0.001
Protocol B (Protocol A as reference) -2.95 (-5.982, 0.082) 0.056 -2.881 (-5.781, 0.018) 0.051
 1 month: Protocol B -0.35 (-1.594, 0.894) 0.578 -0.35 (-1.594, 0.894) 0.578
 3 months: Protocol B -0.4 (-1.644, 0.844) 0.525 -0.4 (-1.644, 0.844) 0.525
 6 months: Protocol B 3.4 (2.156, 4.644) < 0.001 3.4 (2.156, 4.644) < 0.001

Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and Stoller grade. β indicates the fixed-effect estimate; CI, confidence interval; P values are two-sided. Baseline (0 month) and Protocol A are reference categories