Table 2.

DPICS category definitions and example quotes

DPICS Category	Conceptualization for the Restaurant Context	Definition	Example Quote from a Restaurant Context
Neutral Talk	Neutral	Verbalizations that introduce information (e.g., about people, objects, activities) or indicate parental attention to the child, but do not fall into any of the subsequent categories	“I don’t know what flavor of ice cream to get for dessert”
Behavior Description	Responsive	Parent describing the child’s current or immediately completed behavior	“You’re dipping your fries in ketchup”
Reflection	Responsive	Parent restates child’s verbalization verbatim or uses a close approximation (i.e., paraphrases while retaining the meaning of the child’s verbalization)	Child: “I can’t wait to get ice cream” Parent: “You’re excited to get ice cream”
Labeled Praise	Responsive	Parent praising a specific behavior or attribute of the child	“I’m proud of you for trying your broccoli”
Unlabeled Praise	Responsive	Parent praising the child more generally. This type of praise is not related to a specific behavior or attribute of the child	“Good job”
Question	Neutral	Parent asking the child a question	“Can I try a sip of your drink?”
Negative Talk	Demanding	Parent speaking to the child using critical, sarcastic, or harsh language	“You better finish all of your food or else”
Command	Demanding	Direct or indirect attempts to control the child’s behavior using verbal prompts	“Sit down in your seat”

Note. Example quotes do not represent real quotes heard in the restaurant