Table 2.
Yeast species isolated from skin and cloacal swabs of captive lizards, including anatomical distribution of isolates and antifungal susceptibility profiles.
| Species | N. Isolates/Skin (%) | N. Isolates/Cloaca (%) | N. tot (%) | Interpretation criteria | FCZ1 | ITZ2 | VOR3 | PSZ4 | AMB5 | AND6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arthrographis kalrae | 30 (48.4%) | 11 (21.6%) | 41 (36.3%) | MIC-based | 4–>256 | 0.5–>32 | 0.125– >32 | 0.5–32 | 2–>64 | 1–>32 |
| Blastobotrys chiropterorum | 0 | 2 (3.9%) | 2 (1.8%) | MIC-based | 256 | > 32 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 8 |
| Blastobotrys raffinosifermentans | 1 (1.6%) | 0 | 1 (0.9%) | MIC-based | > 256 | > 32 | 4 | > 32 | 4 | 8 |
| Candida intermedia | 1 (1.6%) | 0 | 1 (0.9%) | MIC-based | 128 | 2 | 0.25 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| Candida orthopsilosis | 2 (3.2%) | 0 | 2 (1.8%) | ECV | 16 | 1 | 0.125 | 1 | 8 | 2 |
| Candida palmioleophila | 0 | 6 (11.8%) | 6 (5.3%) | MIC-based | 32 | 8 | 0.25 | 2 | 8 | 4 |
| Candida parapsilosis | 1 (1.6%) | 5 (9.8%) | 6 (5.3%) | CBP/ECV | 8–128 | 1–> 32 | 0.03–0.5 | 0.5–32 | 8 | 2–4 |
| Clavispora lusitaniae | 4 (6.4%) | 1 (1.9%) | 5 (4.4%) | MIC-based/ECV | 1–128 | 1–> 32 | 0.03–> 32 | 0.5–4 | 4–16 | 1–4 |
| Geotrichum candidum | 0 | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | MIC-based | 64 | > 32 | 16 | 16 | 4 | > 32 |
| Meyerozyma caribbica | 4 (6.4%) | 5 (9.8%) | 9 (8.0%) | MIC-based | 8 – > 256 | 8–>32 | 0.125 – >32 | 2–32 | 8–>64 | 4–> 32 |
| Meyerozyma guilliermondii | 18 (29.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 19 (16.8%) | MIC-based/CBP/ECV | 4–>256 | 1–> 32 | 0.125 – >32 | 0.5–32 | 2–>64 | 2–32 |
| Pichia fermentans | 0 | 2 (3.9%) | 2 (1.8%) | MIC-based | >256 | >32 | >32 | 32 | >64 | > 32 |
| Pichia kluyveri | 0 | 4 (7.8%) | 4 (3.5%) | MIC-based | 128–>256 | 2–>32 | 1–4 | 2–4 | 2–4 | 0.125 |
| Pichia kudriavzevii | 0 | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (0.9%) | CBP/ECV | R | 8 | 0.5 | 2 | 8 | 16 |
| Torulaspora delbrueckii | 0 | 4 (7.8%) | 4 (3.5%) | MIC-based | 1 – >256 | 2–>32 | 0.03–>32 | 0.5–32 | 4–>64 | 2–32 |
| Trichosporon asahii | 1 (1.6%) | 5 (9.8%) | 6 (5.3%) | MIC-based | 1 – > 256 | 2–> 32 | 0.03–> 32 | 0.5–>32 | 4–>64 | R* |
| Wickerhamomyces anomalus | 0 | 3 (5.9%) | 3 (2.6%) | MIC-based/ECV | 16–>256 | 4–>32 | 0.5–>32 | 4–32 | 8–>64 | 0.25–32 |
| Tot. 17 | Tot. 62 | Tot. 51 | Tot. 113 |
Note: MIC ranges (µg/ml) are reported for each antifungal agent tested. Interpretation of susceptibility profiles was based on CLSI, CBPs, and/or ECVs, when available; otherwise, interpretation relied on MIC distribution analysis.
Abbreviations: FCZ1, fluconazole; ITZ2, itraconazole; VOR3, voriconazole; PSZ4, posaconazole; AMB5, amphotericin B; AND6, anidulafungin.
*
R indicates intrinsic resistance to the corresponding antifungal agent.