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. 2026 Jun 2;26:2434. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-27874-4

Table 4.

Association between different individual determinants and level of access to SRHR services (n = 325)

Variable Demographic Access to SRHR Services Non-access to SRHR Services Crude Odds Ratio
(CORs)
95% Confidence Intervals
Disability Modality Intellectual Disability (ref a) 12 22 1.00 -
Mental Disability 17 33 0.94 0.39–2.26
Sensory Disability 105 22 8.75 *** 3.69–20.72
Physical Disability 86 28 5.64 *** 2.40 -13.27
Age group 15–21 17 17 2.50 * 0.99–6.30
22–28 (ref) 16 40 1.00 -
29–35 56 37 3.78 *** 1.90–7.52
36–42 88 6 36.67 *** 12.96–103.73
43–49 43 5 21.50 *** 7.06–65.45
Religious Practices Catholic (ref) 58 44 1.00 -
Muslim 24 16 1.14 0.55–2.35
Other 4 2 1.52 0.26–8.82
Protestant 134 43 2.36 *** 1.44–3.87
Level of Education Never attended school (ref) 31 13 1.00 -
Primary 37 19 0.82 0.36–1.89
Secondary 83 30 1.16 0.53–2.54
Technical/Vocational 42 41 0.43 ** 0.20–0.94
Tertiary (University/College) 27 2 5.66 ** 1.23–25.98
Marital Status Single (ref) 119 90 1.00 -
Separated 19 6 2.39 0.90–6.38
Married 82 9 6.89 *** 3.27–14.50
Income Status < 10,000 Kes 0 9 0.10 ** 0.01–0.78
10,000–15,000 (ref) 109 20 1.00 -
15,000–20,000 47 23 0.37 ** 0.20–0.70
20,000–25,000 24 19 0.23 *** 0.11–0.49
> 25,000 40 34 0.21 *** 0.12–0.38
Sexual activity status Sexually non-active (ref) 47 67 1.00 -
Sexually active 173 38 6.49 *** 3.98–10.58

*p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001

aref- Reference categories were selected based on the hypothesized lowest-access group informed by existing literature (e.g., intellectual disability as reference) or, where no clear hypothesis existed, the most populous category to maximize statistical stability