Table 5.

Predictors of late presentation in children with strabismus at KATH (N = 282)

Predictors	OR (95% CI); P-value	AOR (95% CI); P-value
Age of child, years
0-10 vs 11-15	0.2 (0.03-1.9);0.179	7.9(1.0-61.1);0.048*
Parental education
Higher education vs	2.3 (1.2-4.4);0.013*	0.7(0.3-1.4);0.293
Lower education
Proximity to KATH
Near vs Far	1.6 (0.8- 3.3);0.220	0.6(0.3-1.2);0.137
Residence
Rural vs Urban	1.5 (0.5-4.4);0.512	0.9(0.3-2.5);0.777
Beneficiary of NHIS
Yes vs No	0.4 (0.2-1.1);0.068	2.5(1.0-6.1);0.041*
Limited parental knowledge about strabismus
Yes vs No
	2.6 (1.3-5.5);0.010*	2.2(2.0-4.8);0.011*
Relative with strabismus
Yes vs No	3.7 (1.5-8.6);0.003*	2.5(0.2-1.0);0.049*
Monthly income level, GHS
<2000.00 vs  ≥2000.00	0.5 (0.1-1.7);0.233	1.3(0.4-4.2);0.713

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GHS, Ghana Health Service; KATH, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. *Statistically significant association. Lower education = Kindergarten to Junior high school; Higher education = Senior high school to tertiary education. AOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio. The relatively high adjusted odds ratios observed (e.g., age of patient, AOR = 7.9) should be interpreted with caution. Such values may reflect small subgroup sizes, imbalanced category distributions, or residual confounding. The wide confidence intervals (CI: 1.0–61.1) indicate imprecision in the estimates, suggesting that while the direction of association is robust, the exact magnitude is uncertain. These findings highlight the importance of focusing on the significance and relative effect direction rather than absolute odds ratio values