Table 4.

Regression variables.

Variable	Description
Change in healthcare spending 2014–2022 (or latest) in PPS per inhabitant	Change in health expenditure per capita in PPS from 2014 to 2022.
Regulatory score	Reflects perceptions of the extent to which a country's citizens are able to participate in selecting their government, as well as freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
GDP per capita (current USD)	Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) expressed in current international dollars converted by purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factor.
Employment to population ratio, 15+, total (%)	Employment to population ratio is the proportion of a country's population that is employed. Ages 15 and older are generally considered the working-age population.
Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP)	General government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers), expressed as a percentage of GDP.
Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births)	Infant mortality rate is the number of infants dying before reaching one year of age, per 1,000 live births in a given year.
Urban population (% of total population)	Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected by United Nations Population Division.
Individuals using the Internet (% of population)	The percentage of people who use the Internet from any location and for any purpose, irrespective of the device and network technology used.
Consumer price index (2010 = 100)	Consumer price index reflects changes in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly.
Life expectancy at birth	Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life.

This table shows variable definitions and measurement windows.